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Umbhali wokuhlola iindlela zokubhala: Ziziphi iintlobo zokuhlola xa kufika (Isilumkiso sase-12)

Igida elinamandla yokusebenza kwiinkqubo zomthwalo wemithi, iicandelo, abadli bezintonga, nababhuyisi basezindlu zomlilo

YiFoulola Product Team | Iminyaka Emi-25 Yokuwenza Amaphetha AmaCurtain

Ukuba unqamleza into enye kuphela: into engahloliwanga xa kufika kuyakuba yinkululeko yakho emva koko. Le ngculumbi yenziwe ngokupheleleyo isilumkiso sase-12 sokuhlola, imigaqo yokuhlela iindlela zokubhala, nokuthi ukuba kutheni kufuneka ukuhlanjiswa kwisiphumo sokuhlola kwisiphumo sakho esilandelayo.

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1. Ngubani umphela wokufunda ukuba ukubona kwakho kuyinto engeyona yinkqubo yakho yokuthenga?

Ndiyakubuza umbuzo.

Izifabrikhi zakho zifika. Amathathu amaphakathi, amashumi amahlanu, okanye isandla sokugcina. Izipaki zibonisa ukuba zikhona ngokupheleleyo. Umndeni uyadlala ukuze usinike isithembiso sakho kwi-inthando yokufika. Umhlabathi wakho ubuza: "Sifungise na sibone?" Wamthi: "Sithi isithembiso kuphela. Siyaqhubeka ngakho ekuseni."

Kwakhona ukuthi? Emva kwezintuku ezintathu, umsebenzisi wabonisa: "Amaphakathi amaninzi ayikhomani kumbala." Okanye emva kwezintuku eziyisixhenxe, umhlabathi wokuhlela ubiza: "Izicoco zihlula emva kwezinye izihlululo ezimbili."

Manje uyabuya kumntu owathengayo. Futhi impendulo oyithola kuyizoba: "Wangabona xa izinto zafika?"

Lokhu akuyi ntoni yomthengi wodwa. Kuyinto eyingekho kakhulu kwinqubo yonke yokuthenga. Abaningi abathengi bahlala bavona kuphela inombolo nezipaki zangaphandle xa zifika. Babona ukuchazana kumbala, ukukhupha kwezincwadi, ukuhlula, okanye ukungafanele kwezinhlobo kuphela emva kokugcina.

Kwinkampani zokuthengisa izikhumba ngamaphepha, isibonelo sesilinganiso sokubhala umbala singasusela umthwalo wokuphatha kwisiphumo esinokuqala. Kwinkampani yokuthenga iindawo zokugcina indlu, isibonelo sesikhumba esingakwazi ukuzivikela sisifuna ukusebenza kakhulu futhi sibuyela emva kwezintandokazi zokuvula indlu.

Le ngxoxo iyabika inkcazo oyakwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo. Ayikho inkcazo yezindlela. Inkcazo yezinto ezifunekayo ukwenza.

2. Iziphi iindaba ezingafuneki ukuzibona kuqala? Ukungabonakali kuzo, akukho nto enye eyafuneka.

Isinye sezinyathelo zokubona kungakwazi ukubona isikhumba. Kuyizindaba ezibhalwe. Ukuba iindaba azibhalwanga ngokupheleleyo, ukubona ngokwesithunzi akukho mlando.

Bonisa 1: Ingaba inombolo neendidi ziyafana nekontrakhi?

Ngokufika, kuqala qiniseka ukuba zonke iintlobo zemali—iintshukumo, iindlela zokugcina, iiglaiders, nezinto zokugcina—ziyafanana nendima yokuthenga, imithambo yezakhono, kunye nenkonzo ngokulinganisa umkhakha, inani, kunye nezilinganiso. Akukho nto engaqondwa, akukho nto engachanekileyo, okanye ukuthumela kuncinci. Lokhu kubonakala njengoko kubalulekile, kodwa iziphulo zemithambo ayizihlukileyo. Ukuchaneka kwezinto ezininzi zomthambo, nokuchaneka kwezinto ezininzi zomgama, izinto ezahlukeneyo zimiswe kwiipakethi ezipheleleyo. Ukuba akuzange ukuchaneka ngalinye ngalinye, uya kufumana ngokugcina ukuba inkqubo yomthambo oyidinga ayikho.

Uchazelo 2: Iindawo zokunyaniswa ziyaphilile?

Ngokufika, umshwankathelo kufuneka ube nendikimba yokuphakamisa ukusebenza kwemvelo eyenziwe nguMfundisi Wokuzivocavoca Ovumelekileyo Ngokulawula, ekubonisa i-formaldehyde, amathambo amakhulu, nemithi emibi. Imiphumela yokuzivocavoca kufuneka iyimelele imiyalelo yokuqala kwaye ibe nemigaqo yomnotho wemvelo yaseNingizani—ngoko ke umshwankathelo uyaziwa njengomshwankathelo ongavumelekanga. Umshwankathelo kufuneka uqwalaselwe nendikimba yeprodukthi, indikimba yokuzivocavoca yasekhaya, indikimba yokuzivocavoca yemvelo, kunye nendikimba yokuzivocavoca yobukhulu obuvumelekileyo (eyenziwe nguMfundisi Wokuzivocavoca Wezifibhile Zasekhaya). Konke izicatshulwa kufuneka zibe zinokwenzeka kwaye zibe zinokuvumelekanga.

Jonga 3: Ingqamfela yasemva yindlela ayisemthandazo?

Ingqamfela yasemva kufuneka ibe yintloko—akukho mthwalo, ukungabonakali, okanye ukugqibela. I-fabric ephakanyekileyo kumthwalo kungenza ukuba kwenzeke ukungabonakali nokungabonakali. Le miproblem kungenzeka kubonakala ngaphakathi kwengqamfela, kodwa ngokuphela ukungabonakali, konke ikhadi libonakala njengelilwe.

Jonga 4: Ingqamfela yeprodukthi iyafana ne-sample esivumelweyo?

Ukuba uyavumile umfanekiso wokugqibela kwisampulu yokuqala phambi kokuphatha kakhulu, kufuneka uvule inkqubo eyodwa ngokuvuthelwa kwiinkqubo zonke, kwaye uhlaziyise ngokulinganisa ngeyona sampulu. Jonga umbala, isixhobo sokuchitha, kunye nezinto ezinamathuba. Le ndlela iyabhalisa ukuguqula kwezikhumba ngexesha elinye.

3. Yintoni okufuneka ubone kwi-Visual Inspection? Amazwi amane angafunyanwanga ngokukhawuleza

Kodwa ukuba iindaba zihlaziyiwe ngokupheleleyo, uhambe kwi-visual inspection. Akufuneki uvule yonke inkqubo, kodwa kufuneka usebenzise isampulu. NgokwesiNtshona eMnandi ye-GB/T 2828.1-2012, iziphumo zokuhlaziywa zokubonwa kufuneka zihlaziywe ngokusebenza ngokubanzi kwi-Level I, ngenqanaba le-Acceptable Quality Limit (AQL) yomlinganiso we-4.0.

Jonga 5: Umbala ubuyiqa kwi-intloko?

Ukuchitha kwemibala yisiphumo esikhulu kakhulu sokuthi isithombe sasikhalipha ngokupheleleyo. Umthwalo wakho uyisiphumo sokuba isithombe sisebenza kwiindawo ezenziwe ngokubanzi. Uma izithombe zasekhaya elithile zisebenzisa iibhatchi ezahlukeneyo zokuprodukwa, nangona ukuchitha kwemibala kuncinane, kufunyanwa ngokukhanya kwezulu kwaye kubonakala kakhulu ngomzimba wabantu.

Iindustri ziyasebenzisa i-Datacolor okanye i-X-Rite spectrophotometers ukufunda iimbono zokuchitha kwemibala ze-CIELAB (ΔE). Iimbono zokuchitha kwemibala zezithombe zokuziphatha zifuna ukuba ΔE ≤ 1.0. Kwiizithombe zokusebenza kwiindawo ezenziwe ngokubanzi, kumkani ukuba ΔE ≤ 0.8. Kwiimprojekthi zokuphatha nezithombe ezininzi zokugcina indawo ethile, kungafuneki ukuba ΔE ≤ 0.5. Imbono yokubonakala kwezithombe ezenziwe zifuna ukuba ukuchitha kwemibala kwezithombe zokugcina indawo eyodwa kube ngaphakathi kwe-Grade 4-5, kwaye ukuchitha kwemibala kwebhatchi eyodwa kube ngaphakathi kwe-Grade 3-4 (ngokwesiNqanawa T/HOMETEX 6-2019). Izithombe ezenziwe ).

Kwimithandazo, ukuba awunayo ispectrophotometer, sebenzisa "indlela yokulinganisa ngokwezinye zombili": phantsi kwelighlight yomhlaba, umisela isikhumba esifika kwi-sampulu esivumileyo kumlinganiselo wemithameteri e-60. Ukuba unokubona umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo ngokwezinye zombili, kufuneka uqwalaselise kwi-instrumenti.

Jonga i-6: Ikhona iziphene zembono?

Isikhumba sesikwele kufuneka sibe ngekhoyo nezibhakathi, nezibhakathi zezihlangothi, nezibhakathi zokukhanya, nokukhanya okupheleleyo. Kuspecifikile: amaqhwa akungenziwa; izibhakathi zemikhono kufuneka zibe ngenye yezinto ezinokubonwa kwaye zibe ngaphezulu kwezimithameteri e-20; izibhakathi zokukhanya ezingaphakathi kwe-Grade 4 ziyenziwa kwi-1 spot ngalinye yesikwele; izibhakathi zokulungiselela ziyenziwa kwi-2 spots ngalinye yesikwele ukuba zingaphakathi.

Inkcazo: Sebenzisa ilaythi kumlinganiselo ophantsi kwi-surface yomkhosi xa uyajonga. Lokho kuyenza ukuba izibhakathi zezihlangothi nezibhakathi zezihlangothi zibonakale kakhulu kunokujonga ngqo.

Jonga i-7: Iwidth neendawo ziyasebenza na?

Imithwalo yezikhumba ezisemthwakweni: ububanzi −1 cm, ubude −3 cm kuya ku +3 cm. Ukuba unamathuba okufumana amaphetha wezikhumba, qiniseka ukuba ububanzi obuyintloko buhambelana nobubanzi obukhululekileyo. Ububanzi obuncinci kubandakanya ukusakazela ngokuphindaphinda kwiqheke, oko kubandakanya iindleko zomkhakha.

Qiniseka 8: Iisidumbu ziyisibini kwaye zihle?

Ukugcina kweside kufuneka kube kancinci kune-2 cm kwaye kube sibini kububanzi. Iindlela zemphandle zifuneka zibe zingqinisekile; iindlela zesiqondiso asifuneki zikwazi ukuzigqiba. Izikhumba ezingaqinisekanga kwiisidumbu zizikwazi ukuzigqiba kwaye ukuthabatha inkonzo yomshini wokugcina, oko kubandakanya ukungafaneleko kwezinto zokusebenza.

4. Ungayikhangela njani ukusebenza kwemisebenzi? Amashumi amane amaxabiso abavendisa abanqamlezileyo

Ukujonga kwezibonelo kwenzeke. Kodwa izikhumba ziyasebenza ngokwezimfuneko zazo? Le ngxoxo inqanawa imbono, akasenqanawa ukujonga kuphela.

Qiniseka 9: Ukuvavanya ukulinganisa kokubhankot

Ukulinganisa ukulinganisa kwezinto zokugcina iindawo zokulala kukho inkulu yezinto ezibalulekileyo. Ukulinganisa kwezinto zokugcina kufuneka kufanele ne-FZ/T 62025-2015. Ngokuphatha, cinga isampulu sengqimba ngaphandle kwesibonelo esikhulu sokubuya kumthwalo wokubuya kwiqela elinye, bheka ukubuyela kwesibonelo kwiqela elinye. Ukufumana imininingwane ephambili, sebenzisa isitshixo sokulinganisa ukulinganisa okungabuyi kanye nokulinganisa ukulinganisa okungabuyi kanye.

Jonga i-10: Iinkcukacha zokuvalela umlilo

Ukuba iprojekthi ineenkcukacha zokuvalela umlilo, qiniseka imininingwane eyinkulu kwezincwadi zokuzivocavoca: ubude bendawo yokuvalela ≤150mm, isixa sesibonelo sokuvalela ≤5s, isixa sesibonelo sokuvalela emva kokuvalela ≤5s, indawo yokuvalela yokuvalela ≥32%. Iincwadi zokuzivocavoca kufuneka zibhalwe ngu-ithird-party testing body enenziwe ngokuvumelana nge-CMA qualifications.

Jonga i-11: Ukulinganisa ukuguquka kwezinto zokugcina ngokuchitha

Ukulinganisa ukuguquka kwezinto zokugcina ngokuchitha kufuna ukulandela i-GB/T 8628-2013 kunye ne-GB/T 8629-2017. Ukulinganisa ukuguquka kwezinto zokugcina ngokuchitha kufuneka kubhekwe ku-−3% ukuya ku+3%. Imbonakaliso yendawo yokuqhuba ibonisa ukuba ukuguquka kwezinto zokugcina kwi-warp kubhekwe ku-±3% kunye nokuguquka kwezinto zokugcina kwi-weft kubhekwe ku-±4%, nokuguquka kufuneka kube ku-≤2%.

Kwimithambo yezindlu zokuhlala, qaphela ukuguqulwa kwezandla emva kwezinye zokususa. Isixhobo sesayensi sokuthi: ≤5%. Kwinkqubo yokuhlola, unokukhupha isampulu esincinci sezinto zokuchitha ukuze uyenze umsebenzi wokususa okuncinci: bheka isikwere sase-10cm × 10cm, ususe nokubeka emhlabathini ngokuzenzekelayo, emva koko ubhalise ukuguqulwa.

Hlola 12: Ukuqinisekisa umbane nomthelelo wokuphakama

Umbane wezinto zokuchitha uyaphatha ngqo ukungafihli, ukubambisana, nokuphila kwazo. Imbono yombane kwisampulu yokuhlola kufuneka iyiqhubeke i-GB/T 4669-2008. Imimangaliso yokuphakama: ukuphakama kwezandla ≥1200N, ukuphakama kwezandla zokugcina ≥360N (ngokwesi-GB/T 3923.1-2013).

5. Ungayichaza njani iziphene? Yintoni eya kuvumwa kunye neyofuneka ukukhankanyiswa?

Akukho mnye wemiphene ethi ayifane nokuqinisekiswa. Isiphumo esikhundla siyichaza iziphene kwaye sibonise ngokulinganisa nesixhobo.

Isixhobo sesayensi sokuchaza iziphene ngokwezandla sibiza iziphene ngokwezandla: iziphene ≤8cm zinika ipoyinti enye; >8cm ku-16cm zinika amapoyinti amabili; >16cm ku-24cm zinika amapoyinti amathathu; >24cm ku-100cm zinika amapoyinti amane.

Ngokwezimbi zokuchaza, iziphene ziyahluka kwiintsuku ezintathu:

Ukuba ukuzivocavoca kubonisa ukuthi izindlela zokuzivocavoca azilungile, izindlela zokuzivocavoca ziyathathwa ngumthwali, futhi umthengisi unako lokuyimela ukuthenga.

6. Uyayisebenzisa njani ukuyimela nokuthenga? Umsebenzi owenziwe ngokuzimela

Emva kokubona izinto ezingazange zilungile, into enkulu kakhulu yile ukuphazimba kwezibhalo ngokupheleleyo kwisikhathi sokuhlola esithile ngokubhekisele kumthetho . Amathetho amaninzi ayasiza ukuba umthengisi akhohlwe izinto ezithengiweyo zokugcina isihlalo ngeminyaka engu-7 emva kokufumana, kwaye abuze umthengisi ngokuhlola. Ukuba ukuhlola akwazi kwenza, umthengisi unokufuna ukubuyela okanye ukubuyisela.

Umlinganiso wokubuyela kwakunye unokulandela le miyalelo:

Isinyathelo 1: Yenza izicatshulwa ngamaphoto. Yenza amaphoto angamabini ngokulinganisa izinto ezingenakwazi kwenza, kubandakanya izibonakaliso zonke, izibonakaliso zokubona ngokushesha, kunye nezibonakaliso zokulinganisa nesampulu esivumile. Amaphoto kufuneka abandakanye into eyenzelwa ukuchaza (njenge-ruler) ukubonisa ubungakanani.

Isinyathelo 2: Ukwandisa ngokubhalwe. Ngosikhathi sokuhlola, usendele inqaku yokuqiniseka yokubaluleka kumthengisi, ubandakanye amaphoto kunye nokuhlola. Inqaku kufuneka libone izinto ezingenakwazi kwenza, indlela yokulinganisa (kubonisa imibhalo yomthetho), kunye nomphumo odingekayo (ukubuyisela/ukunciphisa inani/ukubuyela).

Isinyathelo 3: Ukhlola kwezinye iindawo. Ukuba umnisi wakho uyaphendula ukulinganisa kwezinto zokukhula, yilapho uyisiphumo sokuzivocavoca ngokusebenzisa isibonelelo sekuthi sisebenza ngokupheleleyo esithi siyayiqiniseka ngokwesibonelelo se-CMA/CNAS.

Isinyathelo 4: Ukugcina ngokubhekisele kwezinto zokukhula. Ngokulinganiswa neziphumo zokuzivocavoca nokuthi kusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuqiniseka, yilapho ukugcina ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba inkqubo iyabonisa izinto zokufuna ukuzicabanga, yilapho ukwenza ngokwinkqubo.

7. Indlela ephakathi yomthwalo wokuzivocavoca wezinto zokukhula engu-25 osebenzayo kuyazibona

Emva kwezinyanga ezingu-25 zokusebenza, uFoulola ubonile ukuba ubunzulu bokuzivocavoca kwezinto zokukhula kwaye ubunzulu bokuzivocavoca kwezinto zokukhula kubadala kakhulu emva kwezinyanga ezingu-5. Abantu abaningi kunye bafuna ukuzivocavoca iziphumo zokuzivocavoca, bahlukanisa ngokwesampuli esiqinisekileyo, kwaye bavocavoca ngokuchasene ngezinto zokukhula zokufika. Lezi zinto zingakubonakala ziyongeza umsebenzi kwiqela lokufika, kodwa ziyancima iindleko zokugcina kwindawo yesibili kwaye ziyancima iindleko zokuxhumana kwindawo yesibili.

Kwicala lezifabrike, iimpahla ze-Foulola zihamba ngezirhwebhu zokuphanda kwaye nezirhwebhu zokuhlola kwicala lezifabrike. Kwiimprojekthi nezilinganiso zokuhlola ezipheleleyo, singakwazi nokusetyenzisa ukuhlola kwakhona emva kokufika, ukuphanda ngamaphoyisa amathathu, nokunikeza izampulu zokugcina kwezimpahla ezinkulu ukubonisana ngazo ngumsebenzi wakho.

Kwizikhwenda zempahla kwaye kwiimphakathi yeziciko, ukwenza inkqubo yokuhlola eyalungiseleyo ayikuthintisela kuphela iimpahla zakho kodwa kuyakha indlela yokuvavanya ngokucacileyo ukulungiselela ubukhulu kwiindidi zezixhobo zokufumana impahla ezilungileyo. Ukuba uyafuna abasoliveli abanokunikeza izirhwebhu zokuphanda kwaye izampulu zokugcina kwezimpahla ezinkulu, qala ngokuzibonisa into enye: "Bazikwazi ukusetyenzisa ukuhlola kwakhona emva kokufika?"

Ukohlola akubuxoki ukufumana ububi. Ubuxoki ukubonisa iingxaki kwindawo efanayo. Iingxaki ezibonisiweyo emva kokufika ziyaxhobo lomnisi. Iingxaki ezibonisiweyo emva kokufaka ziyakho.

8. Isiphumo: Ukohlola akuyiindlela yokuthatha imali—yindlela yokuphatha iingxaki

Umlinganiso wokuhlola emva kokufika unqula kumbali yomgca: Fumana izimbono xa unazo indlela yokubhekisa ngokufanayo.

Umbhali wemibala emashumi eli nesithathu, imigaqo yokuqiniseka kwezinto ezingavumelekileyo, umsebenzi wokukhupha—umlando wale mveliso ayikho ukuba uyakusebenzisa konke kulo micala ngalinye. Kuyikho ukuba uqinisekise ukuba xa kufuneka ubheke, ukuba ubheke ntoni, nokuba uqinisekise njani.

Iindocuments ziziqulethe kusuku lwokuqala lomsebenzi. Ukusampula kusetyenziswa iistandare. Ukuchaza kwamabala kusetyenziswa iindatha. Imifanekiso yezinto ezisemthethweni isiqinisekisa ngokwemibhalo. Izinto ezingavumelekileyo zibhaliwe ngokubhaliwe kusuku lwemfihlo.

Ngale miyalelo, awufuneki ukuba ungumqeqeshi wamaphepha ukuba ubhokele amaxhoboka apheleleyo kusuku lwokuqinisekisa.

Le ngxelo iyisiparti yase-Foulola seB2B sokuqonda. Ukufuna iistandare zokusebenza, iindatha zokuzivocavoca, okanye ukufuna izampulu, nceda uvise www.foulola.com okanye uqhathanise nomphathi wakho wokuthengisa.

Imithombo

Iistandare zaseNingizimu Afrika:

• GB/T 2828.1-2012, Imisebenzi yokusampula ngokubhabhisa – Inqanaba 1: Imiphumo yokusampula ngokubhabhisa ngokubhabhisa kwi-Acceptable Quality Limit (AQL) .

• GB/T 8628-2013, Izinto zokusebenza ngamaphutha – Ukwenza, ukubhala nokulinganisa iziqephu zemaphutha nezinto zokusebenza ngamaphutha kwiizifundo zokulinganisa ukuguqula kwezindawo .

• GB/T 8629-2017, Izinto zokusebenza ngamaphutha – Izindlela zokususa amaphutha kwindawo yokusebenza nokukhupha kwiizifundo zokusebenza ngamaphutha .

• GB/T 3923.1-2013, Izinto zokusebenza ngamaphutha – Izisiseko zokuphakama kwezinto zokusebenza ngamaphutha – Inqanaba 1: Ukulinganisa i-Force enkulu kakhulu kunye nokuguqula kwezindawo ngokuphakama kwe-Force enkulu kakhulu ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuqheka .

• GB/T 4669-2008, Izinto zokusebenza ngamaphutha – Izinto zokusebenza ngamaphutha ezibonakalayo – Ukulinganisa umkhondo wokuphakama kwezindawo kunye nomkhondo wokuphakama kwezindawo zokuphakama .

• GB 18401-2010, Inqanaba yokuqiniseka kokhuseleko yezinto zokusebenza ngamaphutha .

Izistandare zokusebenza:

• FZ/T 62025-2015, Izinkambo zokubhala izikhumba zokugcina umlilo .

• T/HOMETEX 6-2019, Izithombe ezenziwe , Isibopho seNkambo yaseChina yeNkambo.

Imithombo yokuqalisa inkambo yegovernment:

• Izisombululo zokuchaza zihlelwe kwiimbono zokuphatha inkambo yegovernment ezibalulekileyo eziyafumaneka ngokuvula, kubandakanya iindlela zokubhala, ubunzima bezinkambo, ukuthabatha kwemilinganiselo, ubunzima bokufutha okungahleli, nokuthabatha kwemilinganiselo yokuhlamba.